How do retinal scans work

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Corneal Cross-Linking. Diabetic Eye Care. Once the scanner device captures a retinal image, specialized software compiles the unique features of the network of retinal blood vessels into a template. Retinal scan algorithms require a high-quality image and will not let a user enroll or verify until the system is able to capture an image of sufficient quality.

The retina template generated is typically one of the smallest of any biometric technology. Retinal scan is a highly dependable technology because it is highly accurate and difficult to spoof, in terms of identification. The technology, however, has notable disadvantages including difficult image acquisition and limited user applications. Often enrollment in a retinal scan biometric system is lengthy due to requirement of multiple image capture, which can cause user discomfort.

However, once user is acclimated to the process, an enrolled person can be identified with a retinal scan process in seconds. Retinal scan technology has robust matching capabilities and is typically configured to do one-to-many identification against a database of users. However, because quality image acquisition is so difficult, many attempts are often required to get to the point where a match can take place.

While the algorithms themselves are robust, it can be a difficult process to provide sufficient data for matching to take place. The retinal scanner identifies individuals based off the pattern of blood vessels on the retina itself. Retinal blood vessel patterns are often so complex and intricate that not even identical twins share the same retinal blood vessel patterns!

The process by which retinal technology scans the blood vessel pattern is equally as fascinating. Retinal scanners work by using low-energy infrared light to trace a circular path on the retina itself.

When the infrared light enters hits the blood vessels in the retina, the vessels themselves actually absorb the infrared light and causes a specific reflection based on the pattern of blood vessels and the surrounding retinal tissue.

The retinal scanner is then able to measure the reflection quantitatively and creates an intensity code map in numbers for each blood vessel pattern mapped in the retina.

The same goes for the eyes of genetic twins. Automatically detecting new types of cosmetic contact lenses in iris images is a highly complex pattern recognition task. But recently, experimental datasets have emerged to help researchers investigate the problem.

Given the pace of progress in other aspects of iris recognition, the research community is likely to make rapid progress in addressing the tampering problem. You can also use retina recognition to improve recognition accuracy. The iris is one of the unique biometric characteristics used for identification.

During verification, about key points are used in comparison, fingerprint verification uses about 16 key points. Simultaneously, the template itself takes up a small amount of memory, which allows you to quickly authenticate a user and use massive databases with relatively little computing resources.

Access control and accounting systems with iris identification have FAR — 0. It is believed that it is impossible to forge identification data using this method. The fact is that, in addition to the individual pattern of the iris, the human eye has unique reflective characteristics due to the state of tissues and natural moisture , which are considered in the process of reading information.

And to further enhance safety, some iris scanners also capture the eyeball's involuntary movements inherent in a living person. By the way, authentication by the iris of a dead person is also considered impossible: after death, the pupil expands, making the iris area too narrow and therefore unsuitable for scanning.

This biometric characteristic is unlikely to change over time: the only reasons could be medical surgery or severe injury. Our eyes do not have protective reactions to infrared radiation. When rays of bright light blind us, we reflexively squint or turn away, and the pupil of the eye narrows spontaneously.

Since we do not see infrared light, we cannot determine when we fall under its influence, and the eyes do not respond to this radiation by constricting the pupil. To reduce the harmful effects of infrared light on the eyes, designers use visible white light before infrared scanning.

Another positive aspect of the pupil's constriction when identifying by the iris of the eye is the expansion of the identifiable area. The increase in the iris' visible area allows you to get unique information for its encoding and recording in the biometric template. Conventional photo and video cameras of telephones and cameras have a built-in IR-cut filter designed to exclude infrared radiation's influence on the quality of the resulting image.

Biometric facial identification from the front-facing 2D camera is easy enough to deceive. To detect deception, the developers began to use point IR illumination, with the help of forming a depth map of the object being shot. Controlling a three-dimensional figure in front of the camera prevents simple methods of deceiving biometric identification systems using a photograph or video recording of an identified person.

This happens due to the lack of an IR filter in the front cameras of most modern smartphones. Manufacturers are implementing solutions that minimize the harmful effects of infrared radiation on the eyes:.

The human retina is the thinnest tissue in the body and is made up of nerve cells located at the back of the eye. Due to the complex arrangement of the capillaries that feed the retina with blood, each person's retina is unique.

The network of blood vessels in the retina is so complex that it differs even in identical twins. The retinal pattern may change due to diseases such as diabetes, Mellitus, or glaucoma. However, in other cases, the retina, as a rule, remains unchanged from the moment of birth until death. Retinal scan technology is used to display a unique pattern of human retina. The retina's blood vessels absorb light more intensely than the surrounding tissue, so they are easy to identify.

Retinal scanning is carried out by projecting an invisible beam of infrared light into the human eye through the scanner's eyepiece. Since the retina's blood vessels absorb this light more intensely than the rest of the eye, a pattern is created during the scan, which is converted into computer code and stored in a database. Retinal scans also have medical applications.